For each of them, direct interactions between 3'UTR and EBV miRNAs were confirmed by luciferase assay but no functional assay has been performed so far (Table 2).Table 2 Validated targets from high-throughput studies. Shown are cellular targets identified by photoactivatable ribonucleoside enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), High-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) or RNA immunoprecipitation and microarray (RIP-Chip) techniques. Validation of these targets was done using luciferase reporter assays.
On the other hand, EBV miRNAs repress cellular proteins, which include p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), DICER1, and BIM [96,97,98] (Table 2).
We identified 7,827 miRNA-interaction sites in 3,492 cellular 3'UTRs. 531 of these sites contained seed matches to viral miRNAs.Table S6: High confidence miRNA-interaction sites in 3'UTRs.We identified an additional 2,972 CDS miRNA-interaction sites present in at least two libraries, 89.7% of which could be assigned to a miRNA (Table S7).